Alexander Fleming’s accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928 revolutionised medicine. While studying bacteria, Fleming noticed mold, later identified as Penicillium notatum, inhibiting bacterial growth in a petri dish. This chance observation led to the realisation of penicillin’s antibacterial properties. Fleming’s groundbreaking finding laid the foundation for antibiotics, transforming medical treatment and saving countless lives. Penicillin’s mass production during World War II marked a turning point in combating infections and preventing fatalities. Fleming’s serendipitous observation reshaped medicine, pioneering the era of antibiotics and inspiring further scientific exploration, setting a monumental precedent for accidental discoveries’ profound impact on human health and well-being.