The best places to meet the worlds most interesting national security and foreign policy personalities are no longer Washington or London or Paris. Rather, highest on the list are Beijing, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Doha. Many years ago, I met Lt General Asad Durrani in Beijing thanks to a conference organised by Australias Monash University. We have been acquainted and communicating since. I remember arriving late to the conference and rushing in as the brash, younger-than-I-am-now upstart and sitting down at one of the lunch tables of ten. I quickly met everyone and heard that Durrani was a general from Pakistan. Thats all I knew. I asked him quickly, Do you think President Musharraf really doesnt control the ISI? Several faces went white at the table. A jaw dropped. Durranis eyes narrowed and he slowly said, It may be in General Musharrafs interests to pretend he has little control over the ISI. This is pure Durrani - layers, meaningful, informed, and no ones flack. Then I realised looking at bios that he was the former chief of the ISI - and our accidental bluntness and candour has glued us together since. On Sunday night, General Durrani sent me an essay he wrote, with very light editing by me. These are his words, his insights into how Pakistan sees the Taliban and Afghanistan - as well as its competition with the US in the region. I have permission to post the entire essay which I am doing. I think that those interested in understanding the other side of the complex and stressed US-Pakistan relationship need to read a bit about the history of the ISI in the words of one of their own. When I last met General Durrani at a conference organised by Al Jazeera in Doha, he said to me: Steve, it is very hard for me to overstate to you the enthusiasm for which Pakistans generals have for the Taliban. Durrani is not a booster for the Taliban; he is a hard core realist - and his view is that Pakistans generals prize the Taliban for its ability to give them strategic depth. Whether you agree or not, his assessments are very much worth reading in full. So, the rest from Lt. General and former ISI Chief Assad Durrani: The ISI: AN EXCEPTIONAL SECRET SERVICE By Lt. General Asad Durrani When Smashing Lists, a relatively unknown website, declared Pakistans Inter-Services Intelligence, the ISI, the best of its kind, it gladdened my heart but also had me worried. Soon after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, I met an old colleague, a Special Forces officer recently inducted in the ISI. He whispered in my ears: we have decided to support the Afghan resistance. Understandably. With the archenemy India in the East and now not a very friendly Soviet Union on our Western borders, Pakistan had fallen between nutcrackers. We therefore had to take our chances to rollback the occupation; but did we have any against a 'superpower, and the only one in the region at that? Soon after the Soviet withdrawal, as the Director General of Military Intelligence, I was assigned to a team constituted to review Pakistans Afghan Policy. That, followed by a stint in the ISI, provided the answer. The Afghan tradition of resisting foreign invaders was indeed the sine qua non for this gamble to succeed. American support took two years in coming but when it arrived, US support was one of the decisive factors. The ISIs role - essentially logistical in that it channelled all aid and helped organise the resistance - turned out to be pivotal. In the process, from a small time player that undertook to punch above its weight, rubbing shoulders with the best in the game, the Americans, catapulted the Agency into the big league. Unsurprisingly, the ISI became a matter of great concern not only for its foes. Cooperation amongst secret services, even within the country, is not the norm. It took a 9/11 for the US to create a halfway-coordinating mechanism. Between the CIA and the ISI, however, communication and coordination worked out well as long as the Soviets were in Afghanistan. The shared objective - defeat of the occupation forces - was one reason; respect for each others turf, the more important other. The CIA hardly ever questioned how its Pakistani counterpart dispensed with the resources provided for the Jihad or for that matter how it was conducted. And the ISI never asked if the American providers were over invoicing the ordnance or undermining the Saudi contribution. It did not mean that they trusted each other. Differences, however, surfaced as soon as the Soviets withdrew. To start with, some of the key ISI operatives were vilified, allegedly for having favoured the more radical of the Afghan groups. The charge that the Agency was infested with rogue elements is thus an old one. Twice these vilification campaigns led, under American pressure, to major purges of ISIs rank and file. If these episodes ever led to changes in policy is another matter. In the early 1990s, we in the ISI understood this shift in American attitude as a big-brothers desire to establish hegemony, but more crucially - now that the Soviet Union after its withdrawal from Afghanistan had ceased to exist - to cut this upstart service to size. The CIA was clearly at odds with our declared objective to help the Mujahedeen lead the new dispensation in Kabul, especially if individuals like Hikmatyar were to play an important part in it. And the US was indeed unhappy with Pakistans efforts to seek Irans cooperation after the Islamic Republic had made peace with Iraq. But what seemed to have caused the most anguish amongst our American friends were the prospects of an increasingly confident ISI, vain enough to throw spanners in the work of the sole surviving superpower. These apprehensions were not entirely ill-founded as the Iraq-Kuwait crisis of 1990-91 was soon to show. Sometimes in 1992, General Brent Scowcroft, former national security advisor to US Presidents Ford and George H.W. Bush, reportedly conceded that the ISIs assessment of Saddams forces was closer to the mark than their own, which highly exaggerated Saddams capacity. Now, if anyone else in the business too was to broadcast its account every time the CIA sexed-up a threat to suit American objectives (next time on Iraqs WMD holding for example), some pre-emption was obviously in order. Soon thereafter the ISI was cleansed of the old guard, most of them ostensibly for their infatuation with the Jihadists in Afghanistan and Kashmir. These purges must have served a few careers but when it came to taking decisions and making policies, the new guard had no choice but to put its shoulder behind the Taliban bandwagon. The Militia was now, like it or not, the only group with a chance to reunify the war torn country; the inviolable and in principle the only condition for Pakistans support for the endgame, with no ideological or geo-political caveats. Initially the Americans and the Saudis too had wooed Mullah Omar, though for a different reason: their interest in a pipeline that was to pass through territories under the Taliban control. If Pakistan should have ceased all support when this militant regime rejected its advice - on accommodating the Northern Alliance or sparing the Bamyan Statues, for example - remains a moot point. After all, post 9/11 the Taliban did agree to our request to extradite Osama bin Laden, albeit to a third country. That was rejected by the US for reasons not for me to second-guess. The ISI was thereafter subjected to another purge in the hope that the refurbished setup would put its heart and soul behind the new decree: 'chase anyone resisting the American military operations in Afghanistan all the way to hell. That came to millions on both sides of the Pak-Afghan borders; likely to be around long after the US troops had gone home, with some of them turning their guns inwards as one must have noticed. Under the circumstances, neither the ISI nor other organs of the state had any will to operate against groups primarily primed to fight foreign occupation. If they also had the right to do so, or how this intrusion was otherwise to be defined, can be discussed ad-infinitum. Pakistan in the meantime has to fight a number of running battles. So, this time around as well, it is not any rogue elements in the ISI but the complexity of the crisis that necessitates selective use of force; essentially against the rogue groups, some of them undoubtedly planted or supported by forces inimical to our past and present policies. (Thanks to the Wikileaks, we now know a bit more about the counter-terrorism pursuit teams.) If our political and military leadership also had the gumption to support the war against the Nato forces - in the belief that some of the present turmoil in the area would not recede as long as the worlds most powerful alliance was still around - does not seem very likely. Indeed, the ISI suffers from many ailments, most of them a corollary of its being predominantly a military organisation and of the Armys exceptional role in Pakistani politics. But that is of no great relevance to this piece which is basically about the Agencys role in the so-called war on terror; a euphemism for the war raging in the AfPak Region. The most important takeaway from this fascinating snapshot of the ISI, the Taliban, and Pakistans view of America and its strategic choices is that Pakistan will never be a predictable puppet of US interests. The Atlantic