One of the most direct and vis­ible impacts of human activi­ties is pollution. This includes air pollution from industries, trans­portation, and burning fossil fuels; water pollution from industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal; and soil pollution from chemical contam­inants like pesticides and heavy metals. The clearing of forests for agriculture, urban development, and logging has significant envi­ronmental impacts. It reduces bio­diversity, disrupts local and global climate patterns, and contributes to soil erosion. The burning of fos­sil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, along with deforesta­tion, leads to an excess of green­house gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This contrib­utes to global warming and climate change, which have far-reaching effects on weather patterns, sea levels, and ecosystems.

AMANULLAH,

Karachi.