The Federal Cabinet Division notified that Punjab Governor Omar Sarfraz Cheema has ceased to hold office and asked the Speaker Provincial Assembly Punjab to act as acting governor of the province. In the fierce battle between the incumbent government and the ex-government, no attempt is being left to make a mockery of Constitutional provisions.
The Governor practically has the same relationship to administration of provincial affairs, as the President has to the administration of federal affairs. The Constitution of Pakistan underpins a system of federal parliamentary democracy and the Governor of a province under the constitution enjoys an exalted position, as he is a nominee of the President and a symbol of Federation in the Province. In a pluralistic society with political polarisation, ethnic, racial, provincialism and other diversities, for strengthening the process of social harmony, democracy and other creative enthusiasm, the role of the President and the Governor becomes all the more important. Both the President and the Governor, apart from their other constitutional functions, are under an oath to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution which implies that their role is not merely restricted to the advice of the Prime Minister or the Chief Minister. They are also bound by their oath.
Though under Article 101 the Governor of each province is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister, the governor holds his office at the pleasure of the President and not of the Prime Minister. Article 101(3) reads as “the Governor shall hold the office during the pleasure of the President and shall be entitled to such salary, allowances and privileges as the President may determine. Sub article (5) to Article 101 further states that the President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of a Governor in any contingency not provided for in this Part”.
The government is invoking Article 48 (1) of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 in order to justify its move of sacking the Governor Punjab. Let’s analyse Article 48(1) which reads, “In the exercise of his functions, the President shall act on and in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or the Prime Minister provided that within fifteen days the President may require the Cabinet or as he case may be, the Prime Minister to reconsider such advice, either generally or otherwise, and the President shall within 10 days act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration”. It is interesting to note here that in the present scenario the President has not asked the Prime Minister or the Cabinet to reconsider such advice either generally or otherwise. He has simply rejected the summary with reasons therefore, it’s not a matter of reconsideration within the meaning of Article 48(1) of the Constitution. The automatic implementation of the Prime Minister’s advice takes effect after the period during which the President has to act on it has lapsed.
Furthermore, sub-article(2) to Article 48 states that “Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), the President shall act in his discretion in respect of any matter in respect of which he is empowered by the Constitution to do so and the validity of anything done by the President in his discretion shall not be called in question on any ground whatsoever”. It is a universally recognized principle of law that when law requires something to be done in a particular manner or way, it must be done in that particular manner. Therefore, as long as the President does not remove the governor from office under Article 101(3) of the Constitution, the latter will continue in his office.
Given the current situation of the country, it seems that this matter too will be taken to the courts for interpretation.
The Governor practically has the same relationship to administration of provincial affairs, as the President has to the administration of federal affairs. The Constitution of Pakistan underpins a system of federal parliamentary democracy and the Governor of a province under the constitution enjoys an exalted position, as he is a nominee of the President and a symbol of Federation in the Province. In a pluralistic society with political polarisation, ethnic, racial, provincialism and other diversities, for strengthening the process of social harmony, democracy and other creative enthusiasm, the role of the President and the Governor becomes all the more important. Both the President and the Governor, apart from their other constitutional functions, are under an oath to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution which implies that their role is not merely restricted to the advice of the Prime Minister or the Chief Minister. They are also bound by their oath.
Though under Article 101 the Governor of each province is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister, the governor holds his office at the pleasure of the President and not of the Prime Minister. Article 101(3) reads as “the Governor shall hold the office during the pleasure of the President and shall be entitled to such salary, allowances and privileges as the President may determine. Sub article (5) to Article 101 further states that the President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of a Governor in any contingency not provided for in this Part”.
The government is invoking Article 48 (1) of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 in order to justify its move of sacking the Governor Punjab. Let’s analyse Article 48(1) which reads, “In the exercise of his functions, the President shall act on and in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or the Prime Minister provided that within fifteen days the President may require the Cabinet or as he case may be, the Prime Minister to reconsider such advice, either generally or otherwise, and the President shall within 10 days act in accordance with the advice tendered after such reconsideration”. It is interesting to note here that in the present scenario the President has not asked the Prime Minister or the Cabinet to reconsider such advice either generally or otherwise. He has simply rejected the summary with reasons therefore, it’s not a matter of reconsideration within the meaning of Article 48(1) of the Constitution. The automatic implementation of the Prime Minister’s advice takes effect after the period during which the President has to act on it has lapsed.
Furthermore, sub-article(2) to Article 48 states that “Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), the President shall act in his discretion in respect of any matter in respect of which he is empowered by the Constitution to do so and the validity of anything done by the President in his discretion shall not be called in question on any ground whatsoever”. It is a universally recognized principle of law that when law requires something to be done in a particular manner or way, it must be done in that particular manner. Therefore, as long as the President does not remove the governor from office under Article 101(3) of the Constitution, the latter will continue in his office.
Given the current situation of the country, it seems that this matter too will be taken to the courts for interpretation.
